Network Topology

A network consists of multiple computers connected using some type of interface, each having more interface devices such as a NIC and or a serial device for Point-to-Point Protocol networking. every computer is supported by network software that provides the client functionality. So The hardware used to transmit data across the network is called the media. It may include  fiber optic,  wireless transmission or copper cable. The standard cabling used for the purposes of this document is 10Base-T category 5 ethernet cable. So this is twisted copper cabling which appears at the surface to look similar to TV coaxial cable. It's terminated on each end by a connector that looks like a telephone connector. And It's maximum segment length is 100 meters.

Network Categories:-

There are two types of network categories which are below:

1. Server based
2. Peer-to-peer

In a server based network, there are computers set up to be primary providers of services such as mail service or file service. The computers providing the service are called servers and use the service are called client computers and the computers that request.

In a peer-to-peer network, various computers on the network can act both as servers and clients. For instance, many Microsoft Windows based computers will allow print sharing and file. These computers can act both as a client and a server and are also referred to as peers.Now Many networks are combination peer-to-peer and server based networks.This Network operating system uses to communicate on the network to other computers. network operating system supports the applications on that computer. Network Operating System includes Windows XP, Windows NT, Novell Netware, Unix, Linux, Dos and others.

Three Network Topologies :-

The network topology describes the method to use do the physical wiring of the network. The main ones are bus, ring, and star.

 

    1. Bus - Both ends of the network must be terminated with a terminator. A cask connector can be used to extend it.

   2. Star - All devices rotate around a central hub, which controls the network communications, and can communicate with other hubs.This topology Range limits are about 100 meters from the hub.

   3. Ring - All devices are connected from one to another, as like a ring. A data token is used to grant authorization for each computer to communicate.


There are also hybrid networks including a star-ring network, star-bus hybrid and mesh networks with connections between various computers on the network. Mesh networks ideally permit each computer to have a direct connection to each of the other computers. Topology this documentation deals with star topology since that is what ethernet networks use.

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