Networking Components

Hub: hub works in OSI reference model in Physical Layer.

active hub, Ethernet hub, network hub, repeater hub are the same matter.
• A network hub is a fairly inartificial broadcast device.
• Each packet is being sent out through all other ports
     More traffic more contention.
    Working as half duplex.
    Used in small networks.

Repeater: simply defined by a type of amplifier.

There are two types of repeater: Amplifier and Signal regenerating.

Bridge: Bridging is a forwarding technique used in packet-switched computer networks. It works in Data link Layer in OSI model.
     Add two or more network segments in one network.
     Physically same as Hub but works in different path.
    separate collision domains with micro segmentation.
There are two types of Bridge: Transparent Bridge and Source routing bridge.(used in IBM Token Ring Networks)

Switch: It also works in Data link Layer in OSI model.

  Working as full duplex.

  On busy networks this can make the network seriously faster.

  Increased traffic doesn’t affect overall network.

 

Router: A router is the smartest and most complicated of the bunch. It works in Network Layer in OSI model. It is a device that forwards data packets between telecommunications networks.

  Exchange information about destination addresses.

  It contains firmware for different networking protocol standards.

  It has own IP address.

A router has two stages of functions called planes:

Control plane: A router records a routing table listing what route should be used to forward a data packet. It does these using internal pre-configured addresses that called static routes.

Forwarding plane: The router forwards data into incoming and outgoing interface connections. It routes it to the proper network type using information that the packet header contains. Router uses data recorded in the routing table control plane.

Brouter: An addition of Bridge and router. Such as- NetBEUI

Gateway: A gateway is a network point that conduct as an entrance to different network. On the internet, in terms of routing, the network consists of host nodes and gateway nodes.

Host nodes are computer of network users and the computers that serve contents. Gateway nodes are computers that control traffic within your company’s network or at your local internet service provider (ISP)

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