Introduction to TCP/IP
The TCP/IP suite was created by the Department of defense (DoD) to ensure and preserve data integrity
OSI Reference Model
Before OSI it
was difficult for the vendors to create network products OSI, why U need to
study, its a structured approach to troubleshoot
Each has
independent model
Before
considering how to configure Cisco routers and switches, you must be introduced
to basic networking concepts you’ll need to understand in order to grasp the
advanced concepts discussed in later chapters
ISO developed
the seven-layer.
Application
Layer, Presentation Layer And Session Layers are Both called Upper Layer.
And Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data Link
Layer And Physical Layers are both called Lower Layer.
Application
Layer
:- Top
(seventh) layer of the OSI Reference Model is the application layer. It
provides the user interface. Examples of TCP/IP applications include telnet, FTP,
HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, SNMP, DNS, ICMP And all of browser.
This layer
deal with networking applications.
Examples:
Email
Web browsers
Presentation :- The
Presentation layer gets its name from its purpose: It presents data to the
Application layer and is responsible for data translation and code formatting
Exam
Watch The presentation layer determines how data is represented to the
user. Examples of presentation layer protocols and standards include ASCII,
BMP, GIF, JPEG, WAV, AVI, and MPEG.
ASCII (the
American Standard Code for Information Interchange, used by most devices today)
uses seven bits to represent characters. EBCDIC (Extended Binary-Coded Decimal
Interchange Code, developed by IBM)
PICT A
picture format used by Macintosh programs for transferring QuickDraw graphics.
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format; a standard graphics format for high-resolution,
bitmapped images.
JPEG Photo
standards brought to us by the Joint Photographic Experts Group. Other
standards guide movies and sound:
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (sometimes called Musical Instrument
Device Interface), used for digitized music.
MPEG
Increasingly popular Moving Picture Experts Group standard for the compression
and coding of motion video for CDs. It provides digital storage and bit rates
up to 1.5Mbps.
QuickTime
For use with Macintosh programs; manages audio and video applications.
RTF Rich
Text Format, a file format that lets you exchange text files between different
word processors, even in different operating systems.
This layer is responsible for presenting the data in the required format
which may include:
Code
Formatting
Encryption
Compression
Session :- Exam Watch The session layer is
responsible for setting up and tearing down network connections. Examples
include RPCs and NFS.
The actual mechanics of this process, however, are implemented at the
transport layer. To set up connections or tear down connections, the session
layer communicates with the transport layer. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is an
example of an IP session protocol; the Network File System (NFS), which uses
RPC, is an example application at this layer.
This layer establishes, manages, and
terminates sessions between two communicating hosts.
Creates Virtual Circuit
Coordinates communication between
systems
Organize their communication by
offering three different modes
Simplex
Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Example:
· Client
Software
( Used for logging in)
Transport :-
This layer breaks up the data from the sending host and
then reassembles it in the receiver.
It also is used to insure reliable data transport across
the network.
Can be reliable or unreliable
Sequencing
Acknowledgment
Retransmission
Flow Control
Windows
Protocol Port
PDU - Segments
Data Link :-
This layer provides reliable
transit of data across a physical link.
Performs Physical Addressing.
Combines bits into bytes and bytes
into frames.
Preamble is sequence of 1’s and
0’s signifies the beginning of a frame.
Error detection, not correction.
FCS is used for error detection.
Access to media using MAC
address.
LLC and MAC.
CRC run on the data field and
and the values is kept in FCS.
Logical Link Control performs
Link establishment.
MAC Performs Access method.
OSI
(Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model:
This is a protocol suit, and it follows Department of defense model.
The seven layers of OSI layer.
Application Layer
[NNTP • SIP • SSI • DNS • FTP • Gopher • HTTP • NFS • NTP • SMPP • SMTP • SNMP • Telnet • DHCP • Netconf • RTP • SPDY • etc.]
Presentation Layer
[MIME • XDR • TLS • SSL]
Session Layer
[Named Pipes • NetBIOS • SAP • L2TP • PPTP • SOCKS]
Transport Layer
[TCP • UDP • SCTP • DCCP • SPX]
Network Layer
[IP (IPv4, IPv6) • ICMP • IPsec • IGMP • IPX • AppleTalk]
Data Link Layer
[ATM • SDLC • HDLC • ARP • CSLIP • SLIP • GFP • PLIP • IEEE 802.3 • Frame Relay • ITU-T G.hn PPP •DLL • X.25 • Network Switch •]
Physical Layer
[EIA/TIA-232 • EIA/TIA-449 • ITU-T V-Series • I.430 • I.431 • POTS • PDH • SONET/SDH • PON • OTN • DSL • IEEE 802.3 • IEEE 802.11 • IEEE 802.15 • IEEE 802.16 • IEEE 1394 • ITU-T G.hn PHY • USB • Bluetooth • Hubs]
The seven layers of OSI layer.
Application Layer
[NNTP • SIP • SSI • DNS • FTP • Gopher • HTTP • NFS • NTP • SMPP • SMTP • SNMP • Telnet • DHCP • Netconf • RTP • SPDY • etc.]
Presentation Layer
[MIME • XDR • TLS • SSL]
Session Layer
[Named Pipes • NetBIOS • SAP • L2TP • PPTP • SOCKS]
Transport Layer
[TCP • UDP • SCTP • DCCP • SPX]
Network Layer
[IP (IPv4, IPv6) • ICMP • IPsec • IGMP • IPX • AppleTalk]
Data Link Layer
[ATM • SDLC • HDLC • ARP • CSLIP • SLIP • GFP • PLIP • IEEE 802.3 • Frame Relay • ITU-T G.hn PPP •DLL • X.25 • Network Switch •]
Physical Layer
[EIA/TIA-232 • EIA/TIA-449 • ITU-T V-Series • I.430 • I.431 • POTS • PDH • SONET/SDH • PON • OTN • DSL • IEEE 802.3 • IEEE 802.11 • IEEE 802.15 • IEEE 802.16 • IEEE 1394 • ITU-T G.hn PHY • USB • Bluetooth • Hubs]
Video Training For OSI Model
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)